Re-experiencing can damage people's sense of safety, self, self-efficacy, as well as their ability to regulate emotions and navigate relationships. These can produce uncomfortable and even painful feelings. In this process, the benign stimulus becomes a trauma reminder, also called a trauma trigger. This process is called traumatic coupling. noise from a motorcycle) may get connected in the mind with the traumatic experience. For example, the sound of a motorcycle engine may cause intrusive thoughts or a sense of re-experiencing a traumatic experience that involved a similar sound e.g. Īfter a traumatic experience, a person may re-experience the trauma mentally and physically. The range of reactions to trauma can be wide and varied, and differ in severity from person to person. The severity of these symptoms depends on the person, the types of trauma involved, and the support and treatment they receive from others.
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People who experience trauma often have problems and difficulties afterwards. Psychotraumatology is the study of psychological trauma. This discrepancy in risk rate can be attributed to protective factors some individuals have, that enable them to cope with difficult events, including temperamental and environmental factors, such as resilience and willingness to seek help. Some will develop PTSD after exposure to a traumatic event, or series of events. Most people who experience a potentially traumatic event do not become psychologically traumatized, though they may be distressed and experience suffering. Īs subjective experiences differ between individuals, people react to similar events differently. Physical symptoms including migraines, hyperventilation, hyperhidrosis, and nausea are often developed. Long-term reactions and effects include bipolar disorder, uncontrollable flashbacks, panic attacks, insomnia, nightmare disorder, difficulties with interpersonal relationships, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Short-term reactions such as psychological shock and psychological denial are typically followed.
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Examples include violence, rape, or a terrorist attack. It must be understood by the affected person as directly threatening the affected person or their loved ones with death, severe bodily injury, or sexual violence indirect exposure, such as from watching television news, may be extremely distressing and can produce an involuntary and possibly overwhelming physiological stress response, but does not produce trauma per se. Psychological trauma (also known as mental trauma, psychiatric trauma, or psychotrauma) is an emotional response caused by severe distressing events that are outside the normal range of human experiences.